Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD)

Dry age-related macular degeneration is a chronic condition where the macula (the central part of the retina) thins over time. Yellow deposits called drusen build up beneath the retina, leading to gradual loss of central vision. Dry AMD usually progresses slowly and does not cause pain.

Diagnosis of dry AMD involves a comprehensive eye exam with a dilated retinal evaluation, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, and detection of drusen deposits. Ongoing monitoring includes regular follow-up exams and using an Amsler grid at home to detect changes in central vision.

Dry AMD symptoms include blurred or reduced central vision, difficulty reading or recognizing faces, and needing brighter light. Risk factors include increasing age, family history, smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and light-colored eyes.

There is no cure for dry AMD, but progression can be slowed. Management includes taking AREDS2 vitamin supplements, avoiding smoking, controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, and protecting your eyes with sunglasses. Your doctor may discuss emerging treatments and provide low-vision aids to help you adapt.

Healthy lifestyle choices can reduce the risk of dry AMD or slow its progression. Eat a diet rich in leafy green vegetables, fish and antioxidants, maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, control blood pressure and cholesterol, avoid smoking, and protect your eyes with UV-blocking sunglasses.

Monitor your vision at home using an Amsler grid regularly and contact your eye doctor immediately if you notice new distortion, dark spots or vision changes. Ask about low-vision aids and supportive resources, such as magnifiers and high-contrast lighting, and connect with support groups to help maintain your independence.