Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Wet AMD)

Wet AMD, or wet age-related macular degeneration, occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, leading to rapid vision loss. Although it is less common than dry AMD, wet AMD accounts for most severe vision loss associated with the disease. Anti-VEGF treatment, including injections, can slow the progression of this condition and help preserve vision. Additionally, long-acting implants, combination drugs, and gene-therapy trials are providing hope for more lasting treatments for macular degeneration.

Individuals experiencing wet AMD often notice rapid changes in their vision, which can lead to significant vision loss. Symptoms of wet AMD include blurred or distorted central vision, dark or empty areas, straight lines appearing wavy, and colors appearing less vibrant. The risk factors for developing macular degeneration, particularly wet AMD, are similar to those for AMD in general—these include being over the age of 55, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, Caucasian ethnicity, and having a family history of the disease. Wet AMD typically develops from dry AMD when abnormal blood vessels begin to grow, necessitating treatments such as anti-VEGF treatment to manage the condition.

Diagnosis of macular degeneration involves a dilated eye exam, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography to visualize abnormal vessels that can lead to vision loss. Anti-VEGF treatment remains the first-line approach for managing wet AMD. Additionally, longer-acting implants such as Axpaxli and Duravyu, along with combination drugs and gene therapies like ABBV-RGX-314, are currently in clinical trials. Photodynamic therapy or laser treatment may also provide benefits, and regular follow-up is essential.